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br DNA alkylation Alkylating agents damage DNA
2020-08-06
DNA alkylation Alkylating agents damage DNA by introducing a methyl/ethyl group on available nitrogen and oxygen atoms in its bases. These chemicals can be divided into two subgroups, SN1 and SN2, according to their reaction mechanisms. The SN1 type, e.g., N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) and N-methy
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Since IFN and IL are prototypic Th and
2020-08-06
Since IFN-γ and IL-4 are prototypic Th1 and Th2 cytokines respectively, our results imply that Chk may have a role in the differentiation of monocytes during a humoral immune response verses a delayed type hypersensitivity response. Our results also suggest that monocytes present during a humoral re
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Hepatic microsomal metabolic parameters are commonly
2020-08-05
Hepatic microsomal metabolic parameters are commonly used to understand and relate interspecies differences in susceptibility to a particular toxicant. In this regard, the CCl4 metabolic rate constants, Km of 56.8 μM and Vmax of 2.26 nmol/min/mg protein, for human liver microsomes varied less than 2
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Icaritin ICT is a prenylflavonoid derivative from the genus
2020-08-05
Icaritin (ICT) is a prenylflavonoid derivative from the genus Epimedium, a traditional Chinese herbal medicine that has long been used as a bone-protecting agent. ICT has a variety of beneficial biological activities, including growth inhibition or apoptosis induction in a variety of cancer SCR7 pyr
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Many DNA repair pathways are candidates for
2020-08-05
Many DNA repair pathways are candidates for DPC repair. Nucleotide excision repair (NER) is widely involved in both bacteria and eukaryotes in removing cross-linked protein with low molecular weights (11kDa) (Ide et al., 2011). The predominant pathway chosen by clozapine clozaril may also depend on
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br Materials and methods br Results
2020-08-05
Materials and methods Results Discussion As the critical enzyme for de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis, hDHODH is considered as a promising target for the development of anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive drugs since rapid cell proliferation often relays on de novo syn
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We have previously reported evidence for
2020-08-05
We have previously reported evidence for the validity of 6β-hydroxylation clearance of endogenous AG957 australia (CLm(6β)) as a new index for in vivo CYP3A phenotyping in humans [22], [23]. The inhibitory effects of clarithromycin on in vivo CYP3A activity have clearly been demonstrated by the 6β-
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br Materials and Methods br Author Contributions
2020-08-05
Materials and Methods Author Contributions Conflicts of Interest Acknowledgments This study was supported by a National Key R&D Program of China grant (2017YFA0105702) and National Natural Science Foundation of China Program grants (81772939, 81472195, and 81372445). We are grateful to X
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Mouse iPSC Chemical Reprogramming Cocktails Kit plus In conc
2020-08-05
In conclusion, adipose PGD2 suppressed the lipolysis by decreasing the intracellular cAMP level through DP2R. Therefore, PGD2 enhanced adipocyte differentiation (lipid accumulation) through both repression of the lipolysis via DP2R and activation of the lipogenesis via PPARγ. Thus, L-PGDS and DP2R a
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Acknowledgments br PGD is an arachadonic acid
2020-08-05
Acknowledgments PGD is an arachadonic acid-derived prostaglandin produced in large quantities when asthmatic lung tissues are challenged by allergens. PGD contracts the airway tissue as well as stimulating an inflammatory response. PGD was also found to be the ligand for a second receptor, DP2 (
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BLAST analysis of BTA genes from C reinhardtii and K
2020-08-05
BLAST analysis of BTA1 genes from C. reinhardtii and K. lactis show that databases contain sequences of BTA1 orthologs from more than 30 species of basidiomycetes, all from fungal whole-genome projects. None of them has been functionally characterized. We demonstrated that BTA1 gene of basidiomycete
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NTZ treatment is associated with an increased
2020-08-05
NTZ treatment is associated with an increased risk of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), due to John Cunningham (JC) virus reactivation or infection (McGuigan et al., 2016). Because T cells are important for 4 mu mg immune surveillance (Dubois et al., 2015), an increase in EBI2 detect
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One of the most fundamental distinctions between Ub
2020-08-04
One of the most fundamental distinctions between Ub signals is substrate monoubiquitination versus polyubiquitination. With the exception of the E2, UBE2W, which represents a special case because it RSL3 only ubiquitinates the flexible N-termini of substrates [5], [6], [20], most examples of monoub
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It is interesting that deubiquitinating enzymes have dual fu
2020-08-04
It is interesting that deubiquitinating enzymes have dual functions; rescue protein targets from degradation by cleaving ubiquitin before proteasome entrance, and accelerate the degradation by cleaving ubiquitin from peptide remnants after proteasome passage [13], [27]. However, relatively little in
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Attempts to define the function
2020-08-04
Attempts to define the function of individual DGK domains have resulted in inconclusive results. ATP binding motifs corresponding to the glycine-rich loops found in protein kinases (GxGxxG consensus sequence; Hanks et al., 1988, Hemmer et al., 1997) were identified in the first C1 and catalytic doma
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