• The product chain length determination mechanism of

  2022-02-03

  

  The product chain-length determination mechanism of -prenyltransferases has not yet been elucidated, although mutational analyses of highly conserved residues and of characteristic amino citco sale residues in each subfamily of -prenyltransferases have enabled the understanding of the basic catalyti

• Dysregulation of the HPA axis resulting in alteration to bot

  2022-02-03

  

  Dysregulation of the HPA axis, resulting in alteration to both baseline and stress-induced glucocorticoid levels (e.g., cortisol and corticosterone), has been implicated in several diseases and psychopathologies, including anxiety (McEwen et al., 2015, 2016; Shin and Liberzon, 2010). For example, ba

• Despite these studies little is known about

  2022-02-01

  

  Despite these studies, little is known about the regulation of defence genes during AM root colonization. In the present study, we characterized the Ptc52 gene from tomato (named here as SlPtc52), a member of the gene family of non-heme oxygenases, and analysed its molecular characteristics. This ge

• Transcriptional elongation is a checkpoint for

  2022-02-01

  

  Transcriptional elongation is a checkpoint for productive transcription. In ESCs, ∼50% of the genes enriched for H3K4me3 are initially transcribed but do not enter productive elongation (Guenther et al., 2007, Rahl et al., 2010). Following promoter escape, the transcriptional elongating protein comp

• Over the last years numerous studies gave

  2022-02-01

  

  Over the last 15 years, numerous studies gave insights into sGC activation and binding of activators: Photoaffinity labelling studies with cinaciguat suggested the N-terminus of the β1 subunit as target region for this new drug [17]. Schmidt et al. identified the amino acids tyrosine 135, serine 137

• Human GPR hGPR was originally isolated in

  2022-02-01

  

  Human GPR55 (hGPR55) was originally isolated in 1999 as an orphan GPCR with high levels of expression in human striatum (Sawzdargo et al., 1999) (Genbank accession # NM_005683.3). hGPR55 was mapped to human chromosome 2q37, and in the human CNS it is predominantly localized to the caudate, putamen,

• It is possible that regulation of adiposity and glucose

  2022-01-31

  

  It is possible that regulation of adiposity and glucose homeostasis by GIP are in part mediated by altering leptin levels and/or leptin signaling. However, we are unaware of reports that support this mechanism of action of GIP. In addition, leptin levels in GIP receptor knockout mice [12], [52] and

• br Acknowledgments br Introduction When

  2022-01-31

  

  Acknowledgments Introduction When human red blood cell (hRBC) membranes are depolarized, either as intact gap-26 suspended in depolarizing (low Cl−) Ringers or under voltage clamp conditions using excised inside-out patches, they respond by opening a nonselective voltage-dependent cation (NSVD

• br Future perspectives A plethora

  2022-01-31

  

  Future perspectives A plethora of reports from in vivo and in vitro human and animal studies have demonstrated the potential role of FGFR signalling in human carcinogenesis, whether it be in an oncogenic or tumour suppressive capacity. It is still not well understood how FGFRs can act as tumour s

• It has been reported that the pathway upstream

  2022-01-31

  

  It has been reported that the pathway upstream of YAP phosphorylation is operative in a tissue or context-specific manner. LPA or S1P bound to their corresponding membrane GPCRs and act through Rho GTPases to activate YAP/TAZ [11]. Consistently, another report showed that activation of PAR1 (a GPCR)

• The membrane metalloendopeptidase MME gene is located at

  2022-01-31

  

  The membrane metalloendopeptidase (MME) gene is located at human chromosome 3q21-27. It encodes a 100-kD type II transmembrane glycoprotein, a widely expressed membrane metalloendopeptidase that degrades a number of substrates. The active site of the enzyme faces the extracellular space. MME is wide

• br Memories can last a lifetime long

  2022-01-31

  

  Memories can last a lifetime, long after the transient events have passed. The fact that information stored in the Febuxostat can outlast the environmental trigger implies that enduring cellular changes in the central nervous system underlie memory. Epigenetic modifications of DNA and chromatin st

• Histone acetylation is regulated by two groups

  2022-01-31

  

  Histone acetylation is regulated by two groups of enzymes, histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and deacetylases (HDACs), with antagonizing functions (Wang et al., 2009b). Among members of HATs, p300 and CBP are homologous. Both are global transcriptional co-activators (Ogryzko et al., 1996), and play

• Unlike our present results in

  2022-01-30

  

  Unlike our present results in 4–12-week-old (~1–3 months) females, where a high-fat-diet-induced increase in body weight was evident, Schmidt et al. exposed male glut3 mice to a similar high-fat diet (60% kilocalories from fat) and observed no change in body weight, plasma glucose or insulin concent

• Recently multiple receptor agonists have been developed to t

  2022-01-30

  

  Recently, multiple receptor agonists have been developed to treat type II diabetes (Finan et al., 2013, Finan et al., 2015). We have tested novel dual GLP-1/GIP receptor agonists that showed good neuroprotective effects that are superior to single GLP-1 analogues (Cao et al., 2016, Jalewa et al., 20

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